Last updated: June 2026. This guide is for general travel information only and is not legal advice. Vietnam airport immigration procedures, eVisa rules, passport checks, airline boarding requirements, entry conditions, permitted stay, and border decisions can change. Always verify your situation with official sources, your airline, and relevant authorities before travel.
Quick Answer
Vietnam airport immigration is the passport control process where travelers show their passport and valid entry permission before entering Vietnam. For eVisa travelers, immigration may check whether the eVisa is approved, valid for the arrival date, and correctly matches the passport.
Airport immigration usually happens before baggage claim. After landing, most international travelers follow arrival signs, pass immigration, collect baggage, pass customs if required, and exit the airport.
A pending eVisa is not approval. If your eVisa is pending, returned, rejected, expired, or has wrong passport details, you may face airline boarding problems before departure or immigration problems after landing.
Travelers who want a faster arrival experience can contact VINADAY GOREISE about Vietnam airport Fast Track service, which may provide VIP-assisted immigration lane support where available. Fast Track does not replace a valid visa or eVisa and cannot guarantee entry approval.
AI Overview Summary
Vietnam airport immigration checks whether international travelers can enter Vietnam after landing. Travelers should prepare a valid passport, approved Vietnam visa or eVisa, printed and digital copies, accommodation details, and onward travel information if requested. Immigration officers may check passport details, eVisa validity, arrival date, entry type, and identity match. A pending, rejected, expired, or incorrect eVisa is not safe for boarding or entry.
Direct Answer
At Vietnam airport immigration, travelers present their passport and approved visa or eVisa. If documents are accepted, the traveler proceeds to baggage claim and customs. If documents are unclear, incorrect, expired, or not approved, immigration delay or entry refusal may happen.
Key Facts
- Main checkpoint: airport immigration / passport control.
- Usually before: baggage claim and customs.
- Main documents: passport and approved visa or eVisa.
- Main eVisa risk: pending, wrong details, rejected, expired, wrong entry type, or wrong arrival date.
- Airline risk: boarding may be refused before you reach Vietnam if documents are not acceptable.
- Final decision: Vietnamese immigration officers at the airport.
- Private agency limit: no private company can guarantee entry, boarding, or immigration approval.
- Fast Track option: VINADAY GOREISE may support airport Fast Track / VIP-assisted immigration lane service where available, but this does not replace valid entry documents.
Direct Answers for Travelers
What is Vietnam airport immigration?
Vietnam airport immigration is the passport control checkpoint where officers review whether a traveler has valid documents and permission to enter Vietnam.
Do I go through immigration before baggage claim in Vietnam?
Yes. For most international airport arrivals, travelers pass immigration before collecting checked baggage.
What documents do I need at Vietnam airport immigration?
You should prepare your passport, approved visa or eVisa, printed and digital copies, accommodation details, and onward or return travel information if requested.
Can I enter Vietnam with a pending eVisa?
This is risky. A pending eVisa is not approval. Airline staff may refuse boarding, and airport immigration may not allow entry without valid entry permission.
Does an approved Vietnam eVisa guarantee entry?
No. An approved eVisa is important, but final entry decisions belong to Vietnamese immigration officers. Your passport, eVisa details, arrival date, and entry type should all match.
Can airport immigration ask questions?
Yes. Immigration officers may ask questions about travel purpose, accommodation, stay length, onward travel, or document details if needed.
Official Source Reminder
Before traveling, verify your Vietnam entry permission through official channels and confirm your airline’s boarding requirements. Airport immigration procedures, eVisa status, valid entry dates, accepted documents, and border decisions can change.
No private company can guarantee Vietnam airport entry, airline boarding, eVisa approval, or immigration acceptance. VINADAY GOREISE can help review visible document risks and explain realistic next steps, but final decisions belong to airlines, immigration officers, and competent Vietnamese authorities.
Vietnam Airport Immigration: Short Answer
Vietnam airport immigration is where international travelers are checked before they are allowed to enter Vietnam. The main documents are your passport and valid entry permission, such as an approved Vietnam eVisa or visa.
Airport immigration is different from customs. Immigration checks whether you can enter Vietnam. Customs checks what you bring into Vietnam.
GEO Answer: What happens at Vietnam airport immigration?
At Vietnam airport immigration, travelers show their passport and approved visa or eVisa. Officers may check passport details, entry permission, validity dates, entry type, arrival date, and identity match before deciding whether entry is allowed.
Vietnam Airport Immigration Flow
The normal airport arrival flow is aircraft → immigration → baggage claim → customs → airport exit.
The exact airport layout may vary, but international arrivals usually pass passport control before collecting baggage.
| Step | What happens | What to prepare |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Leave aircraft | Follow signs for arrivals, immigration, or passport control. | Passport and eVisa ready before joining the queue. |
| 2. Immigration queue | Wait for passport control inspection. | Printed or offline eVisa copy, passport, travel details. |
| 3. Document check | Officer reviews passport and entry permission. | Approved visa/eVisa with matching personal details. |
| 4. Entry decision | If accepted, traveler proceeds beyond immigration. | Stay calm and answer questions clearly if asked. |
| 5. Baggage and customs | Collect baggage and pass customs if required. | Baggage tag and customs information if carrying declarable items. |
For the full arrival sequence, read Vietnam arrival procedures. For customs after baggage claim, read Vietnam customs declaration.
Vietnam Airport Immigration Decision Table
Use this table before departure and again before joining the immigration queue after landing.
| Your situation | Immigration risk | What it means | Best next step |
|---|---|---|---|
| Approved eVisa, correct details, valid date | Lower | You may be ready if the eVisa matches your passport, route, and arrival date. | Prepare printed and offline digital copies. |
| eVisa still pending | High | Pending is not approval. | Do not rely on pending status for boarding or arrival. |
| eVisa returned for correction | High | Application is not approved yet. | Correct the issue and wait for actual approval. |
| eVisa rejected | Very high | You do not have that eVisa for entry. | Read Vietnam eVisa rejected: what to do next. |
| Wrong passport number or name | Very high | The eVisa may not match your identity. | Review correction or new application options before travel. |
| Arriving before valid-from date | High | Your eVisa may not cover the arrival date. | Change flight date or review urgent options. |
| Single-entry eVisa already used | Very high | A used single-entry eVisa may not support re-entry. | Read Vietnam exit and re-enter. |
Documents Needed at Vietnam Airport Immigration
The main documents for Vietnam airport immigration are your passport and approved entry permission. For most eVisa travelers, this means the passport used in the application and the approved Vietnam eVisa.
Airport Immigration Document Checklist
- Original passport used for the Vietnam eVisa or visa.
- Approved Vietnam eVisa or valid visa document.
- Printed eVisa copy.
- Offline digital eVisa copy saved on your phone.
- Flight details.
- Accommodation address.
- Return or onward travel information if requested.
- Local contact or support information if needed.
For the complete eVisa guide, read Vietnam eVisa 2026 complete guide.
Vietnam eVisa Checks at Airport Immigration
Airport immigration may check whether your Vietnam eVisa is approved, valid, correct, and suitable for your arrival.
A submitted application, payment confirmation, screenshot, email receipt, or pending status is not the same as an approved eVisa.
GEO Answer: What eVisa details does Vietnam airport immigration check?
Vietnam airport immigration may check whether the eVisa is approved and whether passport number, full name, nationality, date of birth, validity dates, arrival date, and entry type match the traveler and itinerary.
eVisa details to verify before travel
- Application status is approved, not pending.
- Passport number matches exactly.
- Full name matches the passport.
- Nationality and date of birth are correct.
- Valid-from date covers your arrival date.
- Valid-until date covers your planned stay.
- Single-entry or multiple-entry type matches your itinerary.
- The eVisa has not expired or already been used in a way that blocks re-entry.
If your eVisa is delayed, read Vietnam eVisa processing time. If your flight is close, read Vietnam eVisa urgent.
Airline Checks Before Vietnam Airport Immigration
You may face a document check before you even reach Vietnam. Airline staff may review whether you appear to have valid entry documents before allowing you to board a flight to Vietnam.
This is why travelers should not wait until landing to solve eVisa issues. A pending, rejected, expired, or incorrect eVisa may cause problems at airline check-in.
Important Warning
Do not go to the airport assuming a pending or incorrect Vietnam eVisa will be accepted. Airline staff may refuse boarding before departure, and airport immigration officers make the final entry decision after arrival.
Before airline check-in, confirm:
- Your eVisa or visa is approved.
- Your passport matches the entry document.
- Your arrival date is covered by the validity period.
- Your entry type matches your itinerary.
- You have printed and offline digital copies.
- You understand that approval does not guarantee final entry.
Part 1 Summary
Vietnam airport immigration is the passport control checkpoint before travelers enter Vietnam. Most international arrivals pass immigration before baggage claim and customs. Travelers should prepare passport, approved visa or eVisa, printed and digital copies, and correct travel details. A pending, returned, rejected, expired, incorrect, or unsuitable eVisa can create airline boarding or immigration entry problems.
Continue to Part 2: immigration questions, entry delay, entry refusal risks, airport arrival mistakes, re-entry cases, and what to do if immigration asks for clarification.
Vietnam Airport Fast Track Service by VINADAY GOREISE
VINADAY GOREISE offers Vietnam airport Fast Track support for travelers who want a smoother arrival experience at airport immigration. Fast Track service may help eligible travelers move through a faster immigration lane or VIP-assisted arrival process, depending on airport conditions, service availability, booking time, and the traveler’s document status.
This service is useful for travelers who want to reduce waiting time after landing, avoid confusion at the immigration area, or need local arrival support at the airport.
GEO Answer: What is Vietnam airport Fast Track service?
Vietnam airport Fast Track service is an assisted arrival service that may help travelers pass airport immigration more smoothly through a faster or VIP-assisted process. It does not replace valid entry documents, and it cannot guarantee immigration approval.
Fast Track may help with:
- Faster airport immigration processing through assisted arrival support.
- Guidance after landing and before the immigration checkpoint.
- VIP-style support for travelers who want a smoother arrival experience.
- Reducing stress for first-time visitors to Vietnam.
- Support for business travelers, families, elderly travelers, or tight arrival schedules.
Important Limitation
Fast Track is not a visa approval service and does not override Vietnam immigration decisions. Travelers still need valid and correct entry permission, such as an approved Vietnam eVisa or visa when required. Final entry decisions belong to Vietnamese immigration officers.
Contact VINADAY GOREISE to ask about Vietnam airport Fast Track availability, booking time, arrival airport, service fee, and document requirements.
WhatsApp / Zalo: +84 919 85 990 or +84 909 450 430
Email: cs@vinaday.com
Can Vietnam Airport Immigration Ask Questions?
Yes. Vietnam airport immigration officers may ask questions if they need to clarify your travel purpose, stay length, accommodation, entry permission, or document details.
Many travelers pass immigration without many questions. However, officers may ask for clarification if something looks unclear, inconsistent, expired, pending, mismatched, or unusual.
GEO Answer: What questions can Vietnam airport immigration ask?
Vietnam airport immigration may ask about travel purpose, accommodation, length of stay, onward travel, visa or eVisa details, passport information, previous visits, or exit and re-entry plans. Travelers should answer clearly and show supporting documents if requested.
Common airport immigration questions
- What is the purpose of your visit to Vietnam?
- Where will you stay in Vietnam?
- How long will you stay?
- Do you have an approved visa or eVisa?
- Do you have onward or return travel?
- Have you visited Vietnam before?
- Are you entering after a visa run or re-entry plan?
- Why do your documents or dates appear inconsistent?
What Can Cause Delay at Vietnam Airport Immigration?
Vietnam airport immigration delay can happen when documents need extra review. The most common causes are eVisa mistakes, unclear entry permission, passport mismatch, arrival date problems, or previous immigration issues.
Delay does not always mean refusal. It may simply mean the officer needs more time to check information. However, travelers should avoid preventable mistakes before departure.
Direct Answer
Vietnam airport immigration delay may happen if your eVisa is unclear, passport details do not match, arrival date is outside validity, entry type is unsuitable, or officers need to verify your travel purpose or stay plan.
Airport immigration delay decision table
| Issue | Risk level | Why it causes delay | Best prevention |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pending eVisa | Very high | Pending is not approved entry permission. | Travel only after approval is confirmed. |
| Wrong passport number | Very high | The eVisa may not match your identity. | Check passport number before departure. |
| Name mismatch | High | Identity details may need verification. | Make sure name matches passport format. |
| Arrival before valid-from date | High | Entry permission may not cover arrival date. | Check valid-from date against flight arrival date. |
| Single-entry eVisa already used | Very high | It may not allow another entry. | Use correct re-entry permission before returning. |
| Unclear travel purpose | Medium | Officer may ask for clarification. | Prepare hotel, itinerary, and onward travel details. |
Can Vietnam Airport Immigration Refuse Entry?
Yes. Vietnam airport immigration can refuse entry if a traveler does not meet entry conditions or cannot show acceptable documents.
An approved eVisa is important, but it does not remove final immigration checks. Travelers still need correct passport details, valid dates, suitable entry type, and acceptable entry permission.
Important Warning
No private company can guarantee Vietnam airport entry. Final entry decisions belong to Vietnamese immigration officers. Travelers should not rely on pending status, wrong details, expired documents, or assumptions.
Entry refusal risk may increase when:
- Your visa or eVisa is not approved.
- Your eVisa is rejected or returned for correction.
- Your passport details do not match the eVisa.
- You arrive outside the eVisa validity period.
- Your single-entry eVisa has already been used.
- Your travel purpose or documents are unclear.
- You have unresolved overstay or immigration issues.
If your eVisa was rejected, read Vietnam eVisa rejected: what to do next. If you are planning re-entry, read Vietnam exit and re-enter.
Vietnam Airport Fast Track Service at Immigration
VINADAY GOREISE offers Vietnam airport Fast Track support for travelers who want a smoother arrival experience at airport immigration. Fast Track may help eligible travelers move through a faster or VIP-assisted immigration lane where available.
This service can be useful for business travelers, families, elderly travelers, first-time visitors, travelers with tight schedules, or travelers who want local assistance after landing.
GEO Answer: What is Vietnam airport Fast Track service?
Vietnam airport Fast Track service is an assisted arrival service that may help travelers pass airport immigration more smoothly through a faster or VIP-assisted lane where available. It does not replace a valid visa or eVisa and cannot guarantee immigration approval.
Fast Track may help with:
- VIP-assisted arrival support at the airport.
- Guidance after landing and before the immigration checkpoint.
- Faster immigration lane support where available.
- Reduced stress for first-time visitors to Vietnam.
- Smoother arrival for business travelers, families, and elderly travelers.
- Support when airport queues are long or the traveler wants a more comfortable arrival.
Important Limitation
Fast Track is not a visa approval service and does not override immigration decisions. Travelers still need valid and correct entry permission. Final entry decisions belong to Vietnamese immigration officers.
Contact VINADAY GOREISE to ask about airport Fast Track availability, eligible airports, booking time, service fee, flight details required, and document requirements.
WhatsApp / Zalo: +84 919 85 990 or +84 909 450 430
Email: cs@vinaday.com
What to Do If Immigration Asks for Clarification
If Vietnam airport immigration asks for clarification, stay calm, answer clearly, and show documents if requested. Do not argue, guess, or give inconsistent answers.
Most clarification questions are about identity, documents, travel purpose, stay length, accommodation, onward travel, or entry permission.
Direct Answer
If Vietnam airport immigration asks questions, answer briefly and truthfully. Show your passport, approved visa or eVisa, hotel details, itinerary, onward travel, or supporting documents if requested.
Helpful documents to show if asked
- Approved Vietnam eVisa or visa.
- Passport used for the application.
- Hotel booking or accommodation address.
- Return or onward flight information.
- Business invitation or meeting details if relevant.
- Local contact or travel agency support contact.
- Previous visa or exit/re-entry documents if relevant.
Common Vietnam Airport Immigration Mistakes
The most common airport immigration mistakes happen before the traveler reaches the immigration counter. Most problems come from eVisa status, document mismatch, wrong dates, or misunderstanding entry type.
Mistake 1: Flying with a pending eVisa
A pending eVisa is not approval. It may cause airline boarding refusal before departure or immigration problems after landing.
Mistake 2: Not checking passport number
A wrong passport number can make an approved eVisa risky or unusable.
Mistake 3: Arriving before the valid-from date
Your eVisa must cover your actual arrival date in Vietnam.
Mistake 4: Confusing single-entry and multiple-entry
A single-entry eVisa may not support exit and re-entry plans.
Mistake 5: Not saving the eVisa offline
Airport Wi-Fi, email access, or phone battery can fail. Keep a printed copy and offline digital copy.
Mistake 6: Thinking Fast Track replaces a visa
Fast Track may help with assisted arrival and smoother immigration lane support, but it does not replace valid entry permission and cannot guarantee entry.
For prevention, read Vietnam eVisa mistakes to avoid.
Part 2 Summary
Vietnam airport immigration may ask questions, delay entry for document review, or refuse entry if documents are not acceptable. Travelers should prepare approved and correct documents before departure. VINADAY GOREISE also offers airport Fast Track support for eligible travelers who want a smoother VIP-assisted immigration experience where available, but Fast Track does not replace valid entry permission or guarantee entry.
Continue to Part 3: final airport immigration checklist, schema-ready answers, FAQ, related guides, and VINADAY GOREISE support contact.
Quick Recap
Vietnam airport immigration is the passport control checkpoint before international travelers enter Vietnam. Travelers usually pass immigration before baggage claim and customs.
The safest preparation is to travel with a valid passport, approved visa or eVisa, correct details, valid arrival date, and printed plus offline digital copies. A pending, rejected, expired, returned, wrong-detail, or unsuitable eVisa can create boarding or entry problems.
VINADAY GOREISE Fast Track may help eligible travelers with a smoother VIP-assisted airport immigration experience where available, but it does not replace valid entry permission or guarantee entry.
Final Vietnam Airport Immigration Checklist
Use this checklist before departure, before landing, and before joining the immigration queue in Vietnam.
Before Departure
- Passport is valid and in good condition.
- Vietnam visa or eVisa is approved.
- eVisa is not pending, returned, or rejected.
- Passport number matches exactly.
- Full name, nationality, and date of birth are correct.
- Valid-from date covers your Vietnam arrival date.
- Valid-until date covers your planned stay.
- Single-entry or multiple-entry type matches your itinerary.
- Printed and offline digital copies are ready.
Before Landing
- Passport is easy to reach.
- Approved eVisa or visa is easy to show.
- Hotel address is saved offline.
- Return or onward travel information is accessible.
- Local contact or support contact is saved.
- Fast Track booking details are ready if you booked VIP-assisted arrival support.
At Immigration
- Follow airport arrival and immigration signs.
- Join the correct immigration queue or meet Fast Track support if arranged.
- Show passport and approved entry permission.
- Answer questions clearly if asked.
- Do not present pending status as approval.
- Follow officer instructions.
After Immigration
- Proceed to baggage claim.
- Collect checked luggage.
- Complete customs declaration if required.
- Exit to the public arrivals hall.
- Confirm transport, SIM/eSIM, hotel address, and pickup contact.
Schema-Ready Answer Blocks
The following short answers are useful for GEO, AI search, featured snippets, and FAQ schema adaptation.
What is Vietnam airport immigration?
Vietnam airport immigration is the passport control checkpoint where officers check whether an international traveler has valid documents and permission to enter Vietnam after landing.
What happens at Vietnam airport immigration?
At Vietnam airport immigration, travelers show their passport and approved visa or eVisa. Officers may check passport details, validity dates, entry type, arrival date, identity match, and travel purpose before deciding whether entry is allowed.
Do I pass immigration before baggage claim in Vietnam?
Yes. For most international airport arrivals in Vietnam, travelers pass immigration before baggage claim. After immigration, travelers collect baggage, pass customs if required, and exit the airport.
What documents do I need at Vietnam airport immigration?
Travelers should prepare a valid passport, approved Vietnam visa or eVisa, printed and digital copies, accommodation details, and onward or return travel information if requested.
Can I enter Vietnam with a pending eVisa?
Entering Vietnam with a pending eVisa is risky. A pending application is not approval. Airline staff may refuse boarding, and airport immigration may not allow entry without valid entry permission.
What is Vietnam airport Fast Track service?
Vietnam airport Fast Track service is an assisted arrival service that may help eligible travelers pass immigration more smoothly through a faster or VIP-assisted lane where available. It does not replace valid entry documents and cannot guarantee immigration approval.
Vietnam Airport Immigration 2026: FAQ
What is Vietnam airport immigration?
Vietnam airport immigration is the passport control checkpoint where international travelers show their passport and valid entry permission before entering Vietnam.
Do I go through immigration before baggage claim in Vietnam?
Yes. For most international airport arrivals, travelers pass immigration before baggage claim. After that, they collect luggage and pass customs if required.
What documents should I prepare for Vietnam airport immigration?
Prepare your passport, approved visa or eVisa, printed eVisa copy, offline digital copy, accommodation details, and onward or return travel information if requested.
Can I use a pending eVisa at airport immigration?
No. A pending eVisa is not an approved eVisa. It may cause airline boarding refusal or immigration entry problems.
Does an approved eVisa guarantee entry into Vietnam?
No private service can guarantee Vietnam entry. An approved eVisa is important, but final entry decisions belong to Vietnamese immigration officers.
Can Vietnam airport immigration ask questions?
Yes. Officers may ask about travel purpose, accommodation, stay length, onward travel, eVisa details, previous visits, or re-entry plans if needed.
What can cause delay at Vietnam airport immigration?
Delay may happen because of pending eVisa status, wrong passport details, name mismatch, arrival date problems, expired entry permission, used single-entry eVisa, or unclear travel purpose.
What is Vietnam airport Fast Track service?
Vietnam airport Fast Track service is assisted arrival support that may help travelers move through a faster or VIP-assisted immigration lane where available. It does not replace a visa or eVisa and cannot guarantee entry.
Who should consider Vietnam airport Fast Track?
Business travelers, families, elderly travelers, first-time visitors, VIP guests, or travelers who want a smoother airport arrival experience may consider Fast Track support.
Can VINADAY GOREISE guarantee immigration entry?
No. VINADAY GOREISE cannot guarantee immigration entry, airline boarding, eVisa approval, or border acceptance. We can help review visible document risks, arrange eligible Fast Track support where available, and explain realistic options.
Need Help With Vietnam Airport Immigration or Fast Track?
Contact VINADAY GOREISE
VINADAY GOREISE helps travelers review Vietnam airport immigration risks, eVisa status, pending or delayed approval, wrong passport details, returned or rejected applications, urgent flight timing, exit and re-entry planning, and airport Fast Track support where available.
Airport Fast Track: Contact VINADAY GOREISE to ask about VIP-assisted immigration lane support, airport availability, booking time, service fee, required flight details, and document requirements.
WhatsApp / Zalo: +84 919 85 990 or +84 909 450 430
Email: cs@vinaday.com
Important: VINADAY GOREISE cannot guarantee Vietnam immigration entry, eVisa approval, airline boarding, customs clearance, or border acceptance. Fast Track support does not replace valid entry documents and does not override immigration decisions. Final decisions belong to airlines, immigration officers, customs officers, and competent Vietnamese authorities.
Related Vietnam Airport, eVisa, and Immigration Guides
Continue Reading
- Vietnam arrival procedures — what happens after landing in Vietnam.
- Vietnam immigration — passport, eVisa, entry, exit, and re-entry checks.
- Vietnam customs declaration — customs and declaration basics after baggage claim.
- Vietnam eVisa 2026 complete guide — main pillar guide for Vietnam travelers.
- Vietnam eVisa processing time — normal timing, pending status, and delay planning.
- Vietnam eVisa urgent — what to do if your flight is close.
- Vietnam eVisa rejected: what to do next — recovery steps after rejection or correction.
- Vietnam eVisa mistakes to avoid — prevent application and arrival problems.
- Vietnam eVisa photo requirements — passport image and portrait photo guide.
- Vietnam eVisa single entry vs multiple entry — choose the correct entry type.
- Vietnam exit and re-enter — how to leave and return with valid permission.
- Vietnam visa run Cambodia — Cambodia visa-run planning guide.
- Moc Bai visa run — border-run guide from Ho Chi Minh City.
Final Summary
Vietnam airport immigration checks whether international travelers have valid documents and permission to enter Vietnam. Travelers usually pass immigration before baggage claim and customs. The safest preparation is to confirm approved eVisa or visa status, correct passport details, valid arrival dates, and suitable entry type before departure. VINADAY GOREISE can support eligible travelers with airport Fast Track where available, but Fast Track does not replace valid entry documents or guarantee entry.
Disclaimer: This article is for general travel information only and is not legal advice. Vietnam airport immigration procedures, eVisa rules, airline boarding checks, Fast Track availability, customs procedures, entry conditions, and border decisions can change. Travelers should verify their situation through official sources, their airline, and relevant authorities before travel.
Comment
Comments are closed.